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Automobile

Automobile

Here in my car

I feel safest of all

I can lock all my doors

It’s the only way to live

In cars

— Cars by Gary Numan

1. Development

If you really think the system inside the car is just a computer that you can carry, it is not so surprising that there are several tools and frameworks inside the automotive hardwares.

And yes, as you can see below, there are Linux, QNX, and Android inside your car!

1.1. Some standards

  • MISRA C: C programming standard by MISRA(Motor Industry Software Reliability Association)

    The MISRA C is a coding guideline published and managed by MISRA. Since the first release of standard in 1998, it has become a de facto standard in safety-critical industries, including the automobile industry.

  • AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture)

    It is a partnership between car vendors and manufacturers basically. The goal of the partnership is to develop open standards in software architecture, so the partners can integrate features and components more easily and in structured ways.

    And the developers can divide the whole embedded software and firmware into several 'modules', so that makes the venders and developers can quickily develop components and features because these are modularized, thus the components can be re-used.

    As a car hacker or a penetration tester, knowing the AUTOSAR components and their specification can make the understanding the targets and goals further and deeper. Which functions should I trigger to get values stored in HSM area? What is the name of API? Most things are already defined in the specification documents.

    Core partners of AUTOSAR is BMW, General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz.

Car manufacturers know the concerns, the software can be buggy and sometimes these bugs can be vulnerability, software vendors test the software before applied to car. They do perform static analysis of source code, and do perform fuzz testing.

1.2. Operating Systems

1.3. What do you usually use to develop the car infotainments?

2. Networks

2.1. Physical Layer

  • CAN; Controller Area Network

  • Automotive Ethernet

2.2. Application Layer

  • DoIP; Diagnostic over Internet Protocol (ISO 13400 Standard)

Before the DoIP has widely accepted, there were several protocols to do diagnosis over Ethernet.

  • HSFZ; High Speed Fahrzeug Zugang, by BMW

  • GMLAN; General Motors™ Local Area Network, by GM

3. Reference

4. Regulations

You can download documents in PDF from each links.

Consider visiting WTO websites for recent updates.

5. Conference & Speech

6. Community

7. See Also